|
Selected Writings by
Sachi Sri Kantha
20 Years since Minister Douglas Devananda’s
Major Dance in Terrorism
14 July 2004
Twenty years and two months ago, - in May 1984 – there was a
daring kidnapping episode in Jaffna involving two Americans. It was the
first of its kind in Sri Lankan soil, and fortunately until now, has never
recurred. A newly-wed American couple, the Allens from Ohio, were kidnapped
from their residence. It created a week-long international stir, and
involved diplomatic rope-pulling of three countries – Sri Lanka, India and
USA. The four political leaders who were at helm then and caught in the
swirl of event – Indira Gandhi (India’s prime minister), M.G.Ramachandran
(Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu), J.R.Jayewardene (Sri Lanka’s President) and
Ronald Reagan (American President) have departed from the scene. I haven’t
heard about the two victims – the Allen couple - since then, and presume
that they are still alive. But, one of the perpetrators of the kidnapping
terrorism is still in political limelight. He was none other than Minister
Douglas Devananda.
Since he escaped from a suicide-bomb attack on July 7th in Colombo,
Devananda has received sympathetic coverage in the news media in Colombo and
Chennai as well as from the press release of American embassy in Colombo.
Quite humanistic indeed. But, one should not forget that the same Devananda
played the opposite role of a terrorist in the life of two American
citizens, Stanley and Mary Allen. With his then EPRLF buddies – K.Padmanabha
and Varadaraja Perumal -, Devananda was in Madras, manipulating the deed
through the cadres of his People Liberation Army (PLA). He was the
‘commander’ of this PLA. This sordid and dumb kidnapping episode of two
American citizens in Jaffna soil hardly received any mention or analysis in
the Broken Palmyra (1990) book, authored by Rajan Hoole and his three
colleagues – probably for two reasons; (1) the authors were sympathetic to
the Marxist rhetorics pouted by the EPRLF group. (2) it was not committed by
the LTTE.
For the record, first I provide the 1984 news reports from the New York
Times, USA Today, the Hindu and Economist. Then, I provide excerpts from the
then Tamil Nadu police chief K.Mohandas’s 1992 book on MGR [MGR:
The Man and the Myth], which exposed Devananda as one of the
perpetrators of this kidnapping terrorism to the world.
(1) New York Times [May 12, 1984]
U.S. Couple Kidnapped by Guerrillas in Sri Lanka
"COLOMBO, Sri Lanka, May 11 (AP). Eight armed insurgents kidnapped an
American couple in northern Sri Lanka today and reportedly threatened to
kill them unless the Government here paid a ransom of $2 million and freed
20 imprisoned rebels. ‘You have only 72 hours to comply with our demands,’
the kidnappers said in a ransom note, according to the National Security
Minister, Lalith Athulathmudali. ‘There will be no negotiations.’
The Americans were identified as Stanley Bryson Allen, 36 years old, and his
wife, Mary, 29, of Ohio. The Defense Ministry said Mr.Allen was an engineer
for the Ruhlin Company of Ohio and was supervising a water project in the
northern city of Jaffna sponsored by the United States Agency for
International Development.
Mr.Athulathmudali told reporters the ransom note said it was from the
People’s Liberation Army, an obscure splinter group of the Eelam Tigers
[sic]. This is an underground organization fighting for a separate Tamil
nation in northern Sri Lanka that would be called Eelam. The Tamils, most of
them Hindus living near Jaffna, 180 miles north of this capital, constitute
about 18 percent of Sri Lanka’s 15 million people. The majority Sinhalese
people are predominantly Buddhist. The National Security Minister said the
Sri Lankan Government would respond to the ransom note with ‘a deafening
silence’. He said Sri Lanka would never succumb to terrorism.
Foreign Minister A.C.S.Hameed met with the United States Ambassador, John
H.Reed, and assured him that the Government would do everything possible to
protect the lives of the two Americans. The Government, meanwhile, ordered
all foreigners to leave the Jaffna region. Mr.Athulathmudali said the
evidence suggested that the American couple had been taken to southern India
to the state of Tamil Nadu. He said they were kidnapped from their home,
gagged and carried off in a pickup truck, which was later found abandoned 25
miles to the west along Sri Lanka’s coast. The minister said the ransom
note, which was delivered to the provincial administrator in Jaffna,
demanded that the ransom be paid to the Indian state authorities in Tamil
Nadu to be given to the rebels. He said the note accused the Allens of
working for the United States Central Intelligence Agency.
More than 400 Tamils were killed and 150,000 made homeless during an
outbreak of ethnic violence in Sri Lanka last July. At least 50 people have
been killed in and around Jaffna since late March in more violence.
Couple Married in March [Special to the New York Times]
The Allens were married on March 24 in suburban Cuyahoga Falls, and they
left for Sri Lanka three days later. Mr.Allen has worked for the Akron-based
Ruhlin Company, a construction firm, since 1967. He became a project manager
in 1982 and was heading a $4 million fresh-water distribution system being
built in Sri Lanka. A company official said the project was started last
October and was to be finished in April 1985. Mrs.Allen was a secretary for
Ruhlin in Akron before the couple married."
(2) USA Today [ May 15, 1984, p.3A]
Abducted U.S. pair reported released
"Hoping for ‘the best of news’, the family of an American couple kidnapped
in Sri Lanka waited anxiously Monday after receiving news that the pair had
been released in a dense jungle. Hundreds of troops and police on the island
nation off the southeast coast of India were searching remote jungle roads
for Stanley B.Allen, 36, and his wife, Mary Elizabeth, 30, who were
kidnapped by Sri Lankan rebels last Thursday.
The Allens were freed in an area inhabited by leopards, elephants and other
wild animals, Sri Lankan National Security Minister Lalith Athulathmudali
said. ‘I fear there may be a danger to their safety’, he said. The rebels
had demanded a ransom of $20 million in gold and had threatened to kill the
couple on Monday – Sri Lanka’s highest religious holiday – if their demands
weren’t met. They had accused the Allens of being CIA spies. But they were
freed after appeals by Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and other
religious and political leaders, officials said.
Vice President George Bush has been in India since Saturday on a goodwill
tour, but he played no role in the couple’s release. Sri Lankan officials
say they did not meet the rebels’ demands. ‘We await with warm hearts for
the best of news,’ Pat Daymon, 27 – Mary’s sister – told reporters outside
her parents’ home.
Tamil separatists who abducted the Allens are a minority ethnic group of
Hindus pushing for independence from Sri Lanka’s Buddhist majority. Allen
‘had some concerns about his wife going with him to Sri Lanka,’ said the
Rev.David S.Belasic, who performed the ceremony at the couple’s March 24
wedding. ‘They obviously had a great love for each other and wanted to go
ahead with a life together. They certainly didn’t plan on being held
hostage.’
Mary – nicknamed ‘Sarge’ by her brother Jim when he returned from a tour of
duty in Vietnam – met Stanley while both worked for the Ruhlin Co. of Akron.
Allen, who went to work for Ruhlin in 1967, was overseeing a $4 million
water-purification project in Sri Lanka. In Washington, State Department
officials said they were in ‘constant touch’ with the U.S. Embassy in Sri
Lanka, but resolving the kidnapping ‘is the job of the host government.’
U.S. policy regarding kidnapping is well known, said Kevin O’Connell of the
Office for Combating Terrorism. ‘We will not pay ransom or release
prisoners. We make no deals with kidnappers. That way everybody is a little
bit safer.’
(3) The Hindu [May 18, 1984]
Aim of exposing CIA achieved – EPRLF
"Madras, May 17: The Eelam People’s Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF)
has said that it pulled off the kidnap stunt on the American couple, Stanley
and Mary Allen, to expose the activities of the Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA) in Jaffna before the projected visit of the Sri Lanka President,
Mr.J.R.Jayewardene, to the United States next month.
EPRLF sources in Madras told UNI that it had never been their intention to
harm the hostages. They only wanted to draw the world’s attention to the
plight of Tamil political prisoners languishing in Sri Lanka jails. ‘We
achieved our objective in the world-wide publicity we received from our
kidnap drama’, they said. The EPRLF said they readily accepted the Prime
Minister, Mrs.Indira Gandhi’s appeal for the release of the hostages ‘as we
have full faith and confidence that she will do something to help the
harassed Tamils in Sri Lanka.’ The front appealed to Mrs.Gandhi to use her
good offices with Mr.Jayewardene to get the 20 political prisoners released.
The sources said they had announced that the kidnapped couple was released
at 8.45 pm on Monday at Kilinochi – 24 hours before the actual release – to
take the heat off the militants by security forces in Jaffna. Giving their
version of the kidnap, the EPRLF said they had been watching the activities
of the Allens for the past six months. ‘Although they claimed they were
water resources experts, they did little on this project, and along with two
other Americans, were taking photographs and making logistic studies of the
Jaffna peninsula.’
The EPRLF then decided to kidnap all the four Americans, but before they
could execute their plan, two Americans left Jaffna and they learnt that the
Allens planned to leave on May 15. On the night of May 10, seven armed
militants entered the beach house of the Allens and took them away at
gunpoint. The two were blindfolded and taken in a jeep to a residential area
20 km away and lodged in a house. The militants took the jeep to
Kangesanthurai port, a northern point of Jaffna peninsula and abandoned it
there, to create the impression that the kidnappers and their captives had
escaped to South India."
(3) Economist [May 19, 1984, p.39]
The innocents and the terrorists
"Stanley and Mary Allen from Akron, Ohio, a home-spun young couple, just
married, went to Tamil country in northern Sri Lanka to work on a scheme to
provide drinking water for the local people. On May 10th eight guerrillas
broke into their home and marched them off. Six days later the innocents
were freed unharmed and unransomed after reproachful comments by other
guerrilla groups, by Mrs.Indira Gandhi, by officials of India’s Tamil Nadu
state, and by 20 Tamil prisoners whose release had been demanded in a ransom
note (along with pound 1.4 million in gold). Even terrorists can get
embarrassed.
The kidnappers were from a group that calls itself the Eelamist People’s
Revolutionary Front (Eelam is the name given by separatists to their
would-be Tamil state). Its secretary-general, Mr.K.Pathmanathan [sic: the
correct name is Padmanabha; who was a pal of Dayan Jayatilleka whose father
Mervyn de Silva, should have contributed this newsreport, since he was the
Sri Lankan correspondent of the Economist] who is believed to have had
training in Lebanon, was picked up in Delhi with five colleagues and
questioned. Mrs.Gandhi, who has an election coming up, is anxious to woo her
Tamil voters, but not to the extent of allowing India to become embroiled in
a terrorist war; she has enough problems in Punjab. It was recently reported
that three new terrorist groups had been formed in the Indian sanctuary of
Tamil Nadu.
The Sri Lankan government’s answer to separatism is not encouraging. Its
armed services are not trained to take on terrorists. Its ‘all-party’
conference on the Tamil problem, launched in January by President Junius
Jayewardene, was boycotted from the start by the main opposition Freedom
Party and is now being snubbed by the Tamil United Liberation Front. The
TULF, which, despite its fierce name, is a moderate organisation, is
planning a non-violent civil disobedience campaign in the Tamil areas as a
protest against civilian deaths caused by ‘army activities’. Not enough, say
the Eelamists; terrorism will continue."
Devananda exposed as the culprit – 8 years later by
K.Mohandas
K.Mohandas, the then police chief of Tamil Nadu, who was a confidant of MGR,
exposed Devananda as the culprit of the 1984 kidnapping drama in his 1992
book. Since, it was Mohandas who resolved the kidnapping drama by his
tactical reflex and ‘psychological bluff’ [in Mohandas’s words], I’ll let
him describe how he got Devananda. I have highlighted some specific
sentences for emphasis. Here are the relevant passages, spread in seven
paragraphs:
"Mention must be made of an extraneous episode, when the electioneering was
in full swing, which attracted world attention. American nationals, Stanley
Allen and his wife Mary Allen, who were working as water-resource experts
under the UN Aid programme in Jaffna (Sri Lanka), were kidnapped by
unidentified persons who sent a message to President Jayawardene, demanding
a ransom of gold worth 50 million dollars and release of 20 of their
colleagues who were under detention. The message also served an ultimatum
that, if their demands were not met within three days, the couple would be
shot dead.
It was the U.S. Consul General in Madras who first broke the news to me at
about 11:00pm one night and appealed for my help. When I wondered what I
could possibly do about an incident in Sri Lanka, he said that since I had
been dealing with the Tamil militants problem, he thought that I could use
my expertise. I told him that I would try to do what I could, but, in the
meanwhile, the names of detainees (whose release the kidnappers had
demanded) could be ascertained and passed on to me so that my officers might
be able to identify the militant group involved. Hardly had he rung up, when
a call came through from G.Parthasarathy, Chairman of the Foreign Policy
Advisory Committee in New Delhi, repeating the story and asking me to help.
I informed MGR who asked me to go all-out and get the hostages released.
It was a tall order, but, when some of the names of the detainees were
furnished by the American Consul-General, my officers quickly ascertained
from our files that they belonged to the PLA (People’s Liberation Army)
which was the military wing of the EPRLF. A massive search operation was
immediately ordered to get at any of the leaders of the PLA or the EPRLF
present in Madras. Partly on information furnished by a reliable source and
partly by luck, we raided a house in Madras city and – lo and behold! – the
catch was beyond our wildest dreams. There were six men and two women found
sleeping. Among the men were (1) Varadaraja Perumal, who later became Chief
Minister of the North-Eastern Council; (2) Padmanabha, the Chief of EPRLF,
who was killed, along with 13 others in Madras city in 1990, and (3) the
self-styled ‘General’ Douglas, the ‘Chief of Staff’ of the PLA. The men were
picked up for questioning, leaving the women behind.
They were taken to a big hotel and comfortably accomodated. Then the
grilling began, with only 10 hourse left for the threatened execution of the
Allen couple. They denied any knowledge but, when confronted with the names
of the detainees whose release was demanded, they admitted that they
belonged to the PLA. But they contended that their followers could have
acted on their own.
When the questioning did not yield any information beyond this, I myself
went to the hotel and, in typical dramatic style, told them that whatever
happened to the Allen couple in Jaffna would happen to them right in the
hotel room. ‘If they are shot’, I told them, ‘you will be shot right in this
room. If they are released, you will be released.’ With four hours to go for
the threatened killing of the Allens, mine was purely a psychological bluff.
It worked and ‘General’ Douglas got in touch with his contact in Jaffna
right from the hotel room and ordered the Allens’ release in coded words.
Four hours and 68 cigarettes later (as I put it in a recent article), news
trickled in through our special channels, that the Allens were left at the
Jaffna Bishop’s residence – blindfolded but without any physical harm. My
sigh of relief could be heard a mile away. The President of the United
States thanked and congratulated the Prime Minister of India and the Chief
Minister of Tamil Nadu. The latter had a special word of praise for the team
which worked round-the-clock and behind the scenes to bring off a
well-deserved coup.
MGR presented me with a wrist-watch with an in-built tape recorder. He did
not say what was the provocation, ut I surmised that it was for the good
work done in the Allens’ rescue – an intelligence operation which could not
be officially recognized or rewarded…" [source:
MGR – The Man and the Myth,
1992, pp.91-93]
Now, to Devananda’s net-bluff
Has anyone checked the profile of Devananda, which is featured in the
EPDP website? . It corroborates few of
the facts presented in Mohandas’s 1992 recollections. One sentence states,
"In the EPRLF, Douglas served as a member of the politbureau
and as the commander of its military wing, the People Liberation Army (PLA).
Another sentence informs,
"In September 1983, he [Douglas, that is] along with all the
other Tamil political prisoners escaped from the Batticaloa prison and fled
to Tamil Nadu in India."
Subsequent two sentences reveal,
"From India, in 1984, he was sent by the EPRLF for advanced
military training, and to lead a group of other EPRLF members, both men and
women, for training with the Democratic Palestine Liberation Front (DPLF).
Following the training, he returned to North-East Sri Lanka and resumed
charge as the commander of the PLA."
About that world-news making kidnapping terrorism of American couple in
Jaffna which happened in May 1984 – which caused ripples in the diplomatic
circles in Washington DC, Madras and Colombo, Devananda’s profile in the net
is sheepishly mum.
To hell with the truth – as any slimy politician would
retort. But the young Douglas who wilted against the psychological bluff –
for fear of his life - of Mohandas in Madras in 1984 has vanished now. His
profile states,
"Douglas Devananda is a self-confident idealist, who is
unique fighter against fascism. He is kind, humble and simple, and a
believer in humanism. He is determined to serve his people, despite the
fact that he has been wounded, scarred and blinded in one eye, and
compelled to live a life in the shadow of death. [Updated 27th July
2002]."
Either you believe him or believe my word, that Devananda
has indeed an unparalleled ‘record’. There hasn’t been a professional
cross-dresser and a political scoundrel like Douglas Devananda among Eelam
Tamils in the past 20 years. |
